As the most commonly used transmission component in precision machinery and CNC machine tools,the working condition of the ball screw pair directly affects the safe and stable operation of the whole equipment.Most of the studies on the failure modes of rolling functional components mainly focus on rolling bearings,but the failure evolution mechanism of ball screw pairs was rarely discussed.The 3D model of the ball screw pair composed of key components such as the lead screw,ball,nut and so on was established,and ADAMS software was used to conduct dynamic behavior simulation analysis and fault characteristic signal research on ball screw.The characteristic signal variation rule of ball screw under normal operation and ball wear fault state was analyzed,and finally the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by comparing the experimental values with the theoretical values.The simulations show that the oscillations generated by the screw pairs become more intense and the peak amplitude in the spectrum increases significantly as the surface of the sphere is scratched,and the relative error between the experimental results and the theoretical values is less 4.67%,which proves the accuracy of the model.