In order to accurately grasp the vibration rule and influencing factors in the running process of electric locomotive, reasonably design the vibration reduction device and effectively control the vehicle vibration, a vibration measurement system was designed based on virtual instrument technology to study the vibration characteristics of the electric locomotive. In the designed measurement system, the computer sound card was used as data acquisition equipment to collect vibration signals in real time; based on LabVIEW, the measurement software was built to realize the corresponding data processing, display and storage. The test results show that the designed system has high test accuracy; compared with the traditional coal mine machinery measurement system, the designed system has fewer measurement instruments and meters, and integrates data acquisition and data processing functions; the designed system can effectively improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency and is suitable for vibration testing of coal mine electric locomotive.