A fault diagnosis method of mine gearbox based on depth selfcoding network and fuzzy reasoning was proposed. Through analyzing the acoustic signals of intact gear,split gear and missing gear by wavelet and establishing the characteristic databases, the diagnosis system combining depth selfcoding network with fuzzy reasoning system was constructed to realize the fault diagnosis and identification of the gear.The results show that the fault diagnosis method based on acoustic signal can effectively detect the operation status of mine gearbox.Compared with the traditional neural network diagnosis method and the singular value decomposition (SVD) diagnosis method, the accuracy of fault status identification of the proposed fault diagnosis method is improved by 3.8% and 8% respectively. Compared with the traditional fault diagnosis method based on vibration signal, the accuracy of fault diagnosis based on acoustic signal has no obvious difference. It shows that the depth selfcoding network fuzzy reasoning system is also applicable to the fault feature extraction and analysis of mine gear box based on vibration signal.