In order to improve the dynamic and steady-state performance of the output response of the barrel temperature control system of the rubber extruder, and stabilize the output of the system at the target value under the effect of interference, an intelligent algorithm combined with the principle of PID control was used to design a controller which combined Smith predictive algorithm with fuzzy control algorithm and PID control to control the temperature of the rubber extruder barrel. The controller simulation model was established by using MATLAB software, and the control effect was compared with those of the incremental PID and fuzzy PID controller. The results show that under the action of interference, Smith-fuzzy PID control makes the output of the barrel temperature control system stable at the target value; the barrel temperature control system using Smith-fuzzy PID controller has strong robustness, and applying the controller to the barrel temperature control of rubber extruder can improve the quality of semi-finished products and the intelligent level of extrusion mechanization to a certain extent.