Aiming at the characteristics of big length to diameter ratio, being lack of rigidity and difficult to cut of 38CrMoAl slender pawl rod, for the purpose of reducing the cutting vibration and bending deformation, improve the surface quality of parts, the study of five aspects: turning process, clamping scheme, cutter, cutting dosage and the cooling liquid was conducted. Bending deformation of the slender parts in turning process could be effectively reduced by the reasonable clamping methods. By using the method of orthogonal experiment and single factor method to select cutting dosage and tools, the durability of the tool and the surface quality of 38CrMoAl slender parts can be significantly improved.