Aimed at the modulation characteristics of rolling bearing fault signals occurred, a fault diagnosis method was proposed based on ensemble local mean decomposition (ELMD) and Teager energy operator demodulation. The vibration signal was decomposed by ELMD method to obtain a finite set of singlecomponent modulation signals, and then the component including fault feature information was demodulated by using energy operator demodulation method to extract the fault feature frequency. This method is applied to diagnose the actual gearbox bearing with rolling element fault of spot erosion, and the fault characteristic frequency is extracted successfully. 