A newtype intelligent tracking robot system was designed based on the TSL1401 linear Chargecoupled Device (CCD) as the sensor to obtain the surrounding image, and the MK60N512 microcontroller unit (MCU) as the core controller. The characteristic point method was proposed to calculate the threshold of the image binarization processing aimed at the problem of a large amount, which only calculated the pixel value of the characteristic points instead of all points. The amount could be reduced in the program calculation on the premise of satisfying the accuracy requirements. A new memoryscanning method was presented by aimed at the problem of a large amount of image computation for the extraction of the black line trajectory. The image scanning process was simplified and the process time was shortened by just only detecting a few pixels then black sign was extracted accurately. The motor mathematical model was established and the integral separation of proportion integration differential (PID) algorithm was adopted in order to improve the system control precision and stability of an intelligent robot, and the simulation analysis and verification were then accomplished. Finally the experimental results show the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective.