A new type of hydraulic buffer is designed. Based on MATLAB simulation, the change curve which describes relationship between the total area of the damping porous hydraulic buffer and displacement was obtained, and the design scheme was given which adopts equal aperture and distribution of different damping pore size orifice. The working process was simulated by means of AMESim. The curve of pressure variation, the velocity curve of moving body and the displacement curve of moving body of the hydraulic shock absorber were obtained. By comparing and studying the pressure between the fixed damping type and the gradient damping type, the influence on the buffer characteristics the above two methods is evaluated, which provides the theoretical basis for the detailed design of the buffer.