In order to improve the performance of vibration and noise reduction of axial piston pump, the optimization design of the valve plate is extremely important. The artificial bee colony optimization algorithm was used for SCY-14B type swash plate axial piston pump with flow valve plate structure parameters analysis of MATLAB simulation. The results show that optimize simulation with ABC optimization algorithm, the distribution plate structure size is φ0=6.5°,θ1=18.0°,θ2=66.7°,φ=18.0°, which greatly improves the performance of the plunger pump vibration.