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自由曲面数控加工混合刀具路径生成算法研究
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国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(11290144)


Research on Hybrid Tool Paths Generation Algorithm for NC Machining of Freeform Surfaces
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    摘要:

    为了解决自由曲面数控加工中大量微小直线段逼近刀轨曲线带来的加工效率低,切削不平稳,加工表面光洁度差等问题,提出一种由直线段和B样条组成的混合刀具路径生成算法,包括多准则刀位分段点识别法和主特征点自适应拟合法。多准则刀位分段点识别法首先通过点距准则提取刀具路径中的长直线段分段点,其次采用K-cosine和三点构圆准则对拐角分段点进行一次和二次筛选,最终得到刀位点列所有分段点。主特征点自适应拟合法根据离散刀位点的曲率信息提取主特征点作为初始拟合点集进行B样条曲线的最小二乘拟合,通过对拟合误差的判断自适应地添加主特征点,不断迭代该过程找到目标曲线。实验表明:所提出的多准则刀位分段点识别法能够准确识别刀具路径中的分段点,主特征点自适应拟合法在控制顶点数以及计算效率上均优于传统递增法,生成的混合刀具路径在自由曲面数控加工中有效可行,具有一定理论意义和工程应用价值。

    Abstract:

    To avoid low machining efficiency, unstable machining process and poor quality during the numerical control (NC) machining of freefrom surfaces, there are a lot of small straight line segment to approach curves of tool paths, combining with linear and spline, a hybrid tool paths generation algorithm including segment points identification with multicriteria method (MCM) and adaptive least square fitting based on dominant points method (DOM) is proposed. Segment points contained end points of long lines and the corner points, the MCM extracted the longline one by comparing the distance between the adjacent cutter locations (CL), and then obtained the corner one by Kcosine and threepointcircle method gradually. Eventually, all segment points were obtained. Based on the MCM, an efficient method named DOM was proposed to fitting the discrete CL. Firstly, the DOM method calculated the curvature of CL points, extracted the dominant points which is composed of inflection points, the maximum curvature points and the chordal points according to the curvature. Then, the dominant points were approximated with least square (LS) fitting method. Finally, added the maximum over error CL into the dominant points and repeated the fitting process until the target spline was obtained. Simulations show that the proposed MCM method can extract segment points correctly, and the DOM method is superior in aspect of control points and computational efficiency comparing with traditional method. Besides, the NC machining experiments on a freefrom surfaces have indication the effectiveness and feasibility of the hybrid tool paths, which has certain academic guidance and applied merits in engineering.

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刘启通,刘强,孙鹏鹏.自由曲面数控加工混合刀具路径生成算法研究[J].机床与液压,2018,46(19):8-14.
. Research on Hybrid Tool Paths Generation Algorithm for NC Machining of Freeform Surfaces[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics,2018,46(19):8-14

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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-07-09
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