In order to solve the matching problem of the composite power supply of electric vehicle to satisfy the demand to power and energy, the energy management strategy of pure electric vehicle with batterysuper capacitor hybrid energy storage structure was studied based on the model predictive control theory. The Markov model was established to predict the future state of the vehicle. Dynamic programming algorithm was used to solve the optimization problem within the predictive horizon and the realtime online management of the power distribution between the battery and the super capacitor was realized. Finally, the proposed control strategy was simulated under the NEDC cycle condition. The simulation results show that the energy management strategy based on the model predictive control has a good control effect,and potential of the realtime control.