A new type of magnetorheological brake device is designed that takes into account the advantages of disc and barrel structure. Maxwell software was combined with Taguchi algorithm to optimize the structure simulation. An experimental test platform was set up to test the static and dynamic performance of the magnetorheological fluid brake device, verifying that the designed structure was effective, the experimental results reached the expected goals, and the relationship between the braking torque and the input current was established, and the τ-H empirical formula was corrected. The revised theoretical calculated value is basically the same as the measured value, which verifies the phenomenon of shear thinning in the case of highspeed shearing of magnetorheological fluid.