Aiming at the poor working environment of sugarcane harvesting machinery, a mechanical speed detecting and tracking adjustment device was proposed to detect and feedback the rotational speed of the operating mechanism. The working principle of the mechanical speed tracking device was introduced, the mechanism was simulated and analyzed with ADAMS, and a test platform was built for test and verification. The results show that the output speed of the mechanical speed tracker is equal to half of the difference between the target speed and the tracking speed, which is consistent with the conclusion of theoretical analysis. The mechanicalelectricalhydraulic speed closedloop control system of the sugarcane harvesting machinery was constructed, based on the rotational speed output characteristics of the mechanical speed tracker. The dynamic simulation model of the control system was established, and the stability and dynamic response characteristics were analyzed with MATLAB.The simulation results show that the mechanical speed tracker can meet the requirements of coordinated linkage control among the subsystems of sugarcane harvesting machinery.