The efficient operation of the airport special vehicles is an important part of the normal operation of the flight. For the question of airport special vehicle task, high time requirement and high energy consumption, a scheduling optimization method based on improved FCM and krill herd algorithm is proposed, and the scheduling optimization model with the maximum number of tasks as the first goal, the shortest running time and the minimum number of vehicles used as the secondary target is established. The simulation results show that the proposed method has the advantages of good adaptability, fast solution speed and high quality of solution, and could provide an effective and feasible way to improve the flight rate.