In order to improve the fuel economy of automobile and to improve the peace and smoothness of road treatment, a kind of regenerative hydraulic shock absorber system which transforms the vibration motion of automobile suspension into one direction rotation of the generator is proposed. The working principle of the system was analyzed, and a mathematical model considering the influence of hydraulic flow, rotational motion and dynamic regeneration was established. The system was tested under different sinusoidal input excitation, load resistance and accumulator capacity. The results show that, under the sine wave excitation 1 Hz frequency and 25 mm amplitude, when the accumulator capacity is set to 0.4 L and the load resistance is 20 Ω, the recoverable power is 260 W and the efficiency is about 40%. With the variable load resistance and accumulator capacity, the appropriate damping characteristics needed for the shock absorber of heavy truck can be satisfied. The system provides reference for maximizing regeneration, riding comfort and handling performance.