The structure and characteristics of the fan nozzle play a vital role in the antifreeze spray system. Based on the CFD numerical simulation combined with single factor test and orthogonal test, the effects of three key parameters of the fan nozzle on the spray characteristics were studied. The single factor simulation revealed the variation of jet velocity, spray angle, nozzle flow and cut-off water content along the center line with each parameter, and provides a reasonable basis for the selection of orthogonal test factors. Through orthogonal test, a better combination of nozzle structural parameters was selected according to the needs of design objectives. The main order of the influence of various structural parameters on the spray characteristics was obtained by the range analysis: the offset was the most important factor affecting the spray characteristics of the fan nozzle, and the hemispherical diameter and the cut angle were secondary factors.