In order to design high quality vehicle shock absorbers, the damping characteristics and influencing factors of shock absorbers under different conditions are studied and analyzed.The valve structure of shock absorber were analyzed,based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical method, a three-dimensional(3D)fluid model and a fluid mesh model with high accuracy were established, simulation analysis was carried out in the FLUENT fluid software, the damping characteristics curve of shock absorber recovery valve and pressure field characteristics of internal valve system under different working conditions were obtained, the most important factors that affect the damping characteristics of shock absorbers under different working conditions were researched, and the experimental verification was carried out. Results show that when the shock absorber works at low speed, the internal pressure field of the damper valve is distributed evenly and the area of the multi slot of the damper superposition valve is the most important factor affecting the damping characteristics;when the damper is working at high speed, the internal pressure field of the damper is obviously fluctuated, and the diameter of the piston hole is the most important factor affecting the damping characteristics.This method provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of internal valves of shock absorbers.