The electric vehicle has the problem that the power battery has a characteristic for low power density and short service life. The hybrid energy storage system is composed of high specific power supercapacitor in the power supply system. In order to realize more efficient energy conversion and improve the performance of hybrid energy storage system, on the basis of the DC/DC converter Boost and Buck equivalent circuit model forhybrid energy storage system, the system is combined with the different working modes of the system. A dynamic matrix model predictive control algorithm is proposed for the different driving conditions of the electric vehicle, and the control algorithm was verified in the vehicle test environment. The experimental results show thatmodel predictive control could realize the energy management of hybrid energy storage system.