The vibration of machine tool has large effect on the quality of the part surface. The machine tools with particle vibration damper have good damping performance. Particle vibration damper is filled with little particles to decrease vibration. The machine tool with particle vibration damper is a typical rigid-bulk coupling system. Rigid-bulk coupling is the key to analyze damping mechanism. DEM was used to model bulk of particles system; the contact forces of total particles were calculated average and then applied on the vibrating rigid body. PFC program secondary developing was used to model particle vibration damper with rigid-bulk coupling. Using the rigid-bulk coupling programs, the effect of particle parameters on damping performance, such as density, size and filling ratio of particles, were simulated. The max amplitude decreasing ratio and the equivalent damping ratio were used to indicate the damping performance of particle vibration damper. The results show that the damping performance is better when the density of particles with same quantity is larger, it is better with 5~6 mm diameter of particle, and it is optimal with 12.5% filling ratio.