Aiming at the problems of severe temperature rise and severe wear on the surface brake disc, the braking process model of the groove surface brake disc was established and the thermomechanical coupling finite element analysis was carried out to research the effect of the angle, width and density of the groove on the brake disc temperature field and stress field. The results show that the groove structure can store air and accelerate the heat transfer between the brake disc and the surrounding environment,which has good heat dissipation and reduces the area of direct contact friction on the surface, resulting in lower temperature and less equivalent stress of the grooved surface brake disc compared with the smooth surface brake disc. The groove angle and width have obvious effect on the surface temperature and the equivalent stress of brake disc, the temperature and equivalent stress of the surface brake disc with groove angle of 45° and width of 4 mm are the minimum. The effect of groove density on the surface temperature and equivalent stress of the brake disc is not obvious.