Aluminum alloy and super alloy parts were taken as the research object, NaHCO3-based microcrystalline powder was used as the injection medium, and sand blasting equipment was used to spray and clean the surface fouling layer. The surface morphology and composition of the blast cleaned parts were analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, EDS and other analytical techniques. The roughness meter was used to observe the surface roughness of the blast cleaned parts. The results show that the NaHCO3-based microcrystalline powder blast cleaning technology can be used to effectively remove carbon, oil, oxide and other pollution layers on the surface of parts; after cleaning with NaHCO3-based medium, the surface roughness of the parts is only 10% of that after traditional sand blasting medium cleaning, which has little damage to the surface of parts.