Nickel-based superalloy is composed of many elements. During turning process, the deformation of nickelbased superalloy is complex, and the turning temperature is very difficult to be controlled. The heat flux produced by the tool and workpiece has a great influence on the workpiece and tool wear.The simulation model of the turning process was established,the heat flux data was extracted, and the data was analyzed and processed. The neural network model of turning process was established. The results show that when the workpiece heat flux and cutting tool heat flux are used as single variables in range and variance analysis respectively, the back engagement is an important factor affecting the heat flux. The workpiece heat flux and the tool heat flux were combined as two variables to establish a neural network model, it was verified that the back engagement was the decisive factor affecting the heat flux. The normal distribution of analysis error and importance was obtained by using the hidden function inside the neural network. The hidden function was obtained by using MATLAB, and the function had a high fitting degree with the back engagement