In order to reduce the position error of the fuselage panel before automatic drilling and riveting, a set of fuselage panel preassembly tooling suitable for drilling and riveting machine was designed. Flexibility and modularization design of the fuselage panel was carried out to meet different types fuselage panels preassembly requirements and suitable for automatic drilling and riveting of the fuselage panel. Genetic algorithm was applied to optimize the beam section size of the small frame of the preassembly tooling, so as to reduce the weight of the small frame and reduce the load weight of the automatic drilling and riveting machine bracket. The tooling can be installed on the bracket after the fuselage panel preassembly is completed, so as to avoid the secondary positioning and improve the processing efficiency and quality of the fuselage panel.