As one of the key surgical operations, bone drilling surgery is widely used in dressing fractures and skull opening. During the bone drilling operation, the surgical drill bit interacts with the bone tissue, inevitably producing drilling forces and drilling temperatures, resulting in varying degrees bone damage. Based on the current research status, two methods of bone drilling research were summarized, namely, experimental method and simulation analysis method; the generation, measurement and influencing factors of surgical drill drilling temperature were expounded; the influences of drill parameters, drill design and ultrasonic assisted drilling on drilling force were analyzed; the problems faced by current research methods were summarized. It provides reference for the research and application of bone drilling operation.