In order to realize the ductility domain processing of hard and brittle materials in the grinding process, thus improve the surface quality of the material, increase the service life of the material and make the material has excellent antifatigue and antiwear performance, the research on the brittleplastic transformation phenomenon in the grinding process of hard and brittle materials by domestic and foreign scholars was introduced from three aspects, such as experimental research, theoretical modeling and simulation analysis. The research status of brittleplastic transition in ultrasonicassisted vibration grinding at home and abroad was analyzed, and a new machining method combining high speed, ultrahigh speed and ultrasonicassisted vibration grinding was proposed. The results show that the grinding speed has a great effect on the maximum undeformed chip thickness of hard and brittle materials; ductility domain grinding of hard and brittle materials is easily achieved by introducing ultrasonicassisted vibration; different directions of ultrasonicassisted vibration have different effects on the brittleplastic transition cutting depth of materials. It was proposed that the further research on the ductility domain grinding of hard and brittle materials should be carried out from four aspects, such as grinding heat, preheat treatment, simulation analysis model and grinding process model. The research results provide reference for the realization of ductility domain grinding and practical production of hard and brittle materials.