Electrohydraulic servo systems have problems such as high nonlinearity and timevarying parameters. At the same time, it is difficult to build accurate models due to their multidisciplinary nature. Aiming at the nonlinear position control of the electrohydraulic servo system, a controller based on the Lyapunov theory of the nonlinear system was used to achieve effective control of the electrohydraulic servo system, and the control effect was simulated and verified. The dynamic equations of the servo valve and the hydraulic actuator were constructed, and a simplified mathematical model of the electrohydraulic servo system was established. Based on Lyapunov theory of the nonlinear system, the controller of the electrohydraulic servo system was designed by using integral backstepping method. MATLAB software was used to simulate the electrohydraulic servo system, and the calculation results were compared and analyzed with the traditional PID controller. The simulation results show that by using the designed controller, the tracking performance of the electrohydraulic servo system for step and sinusoidal signals is better, the required control voltage is reduced by about 50%, and the tracking error is also greatly reduced.