In order to recognize and locate the multitype workpiece placed randomly, a method based on connected domain Blob analysis and neural network classifier was presented. Machine vision technology was used and Halcon software was taken as the experimental platform, the feature information of the workpiece was extracted through Blob analysis, the neural network classifier trained in advance was used to classify and recognize the multitype workpiece. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional template matching and localization algorithm, the recognition accuracy of the multiworkpiece classification and localization scheme is 100%, the localization accuracy is improved by 0.7 mm, and the recognition and localization time is reduced by 8.735 ms, to achieve a better multiworkpiece identification positioning effect.It has a certain application prospect and promotion value.