To investigate the precision polishing properties of alumina ceramics, the alumina ceramic test pieces were placed between ceramic working ring and grinding disc for grinding test. The original surface roughness of the test piece was 1.49 μm by using the 120 abrasive paper; the silicon carbide polishing liquid was used to polish, the polishing liquid concentration, particle size, load, speed and time were changed in the polishing process and the polishing effect of the alumina ceramic test piece under different parameters was observed. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of the alumina ceramics decreases rapidly from original 1.49 μm to 0.22 μm and the surface quality improvement rate reaches 85% when the abrasive particle size of silicon carbide is 2 μm, the axial load is 9 kg, the grinding speed is 90 r/min, the polishing liquid concentration is 35% and the continuous grinding time is 50 min. SEM electron microscope and 3D surface profilometer were used for observation, and the test pieces changed from original uneven rough surface to smooth surface as flat as mirror, which verified the good precision polishing performance of alumina ceramic materials.