Aiming at the problems of strong nonlinearity, parameter uncertainty and load disturbance in pump controlled asymmetric cylinder position system, an adaptive Backstepping control strategy was proposed to improve the position tracking accuracy and robustness of the system. The mathematical model of system state space was established. Based on Backstepping algorithm, the system parameter uncertainty was dealt with by employing a Lyapunov function and designing an adaptive control law. The proposed control strategy was validated by the sinusoidal response under different load conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed adaptive Backstepping control strategy keeps the position tracking error of the system within ±0.05 mm, and the stability and robustness of the system are improved.