For the 2H/2E civil aircraft hydraulic energy system with a 5000 psi pressure system that is being independently researched and developed in China, the thermal generation and thermal dissipation mechanism of hydraulic components and hydraulic energy system were analyzed, and the thermal balance analysis simulation model was established. The thermal generation mechanism of hydraulic pump under the two fault conditions of swash plate stuck and safety valve stuck at the maximum flow position was further analyzed, and the thermal generation model was established to carry out systemlevel heat balance analysis.The results show that the temperature of the hydraulic pipelines in the hydraulic components such as hydraulic tank, hydraulic pump and fuel tank will rise under fault condition, but the maximum temperature of the hydraulic pipelines in the fuel tank is lower than the ignition temperature of the fuel tank, so there is no ignition risk of the fuel tank.