The micro-structures with single crystal nickel base superalloy materials are widely used in high temperature environment, but it is difficult to measure the temperature distribution in the process of micro-milling. The temperature distribution and transfer during micromilling of single crystal materials were simulated by using finite element method, and the temperature distribution region was defined. According to the working principle of thermocouple, the temperature-potential curve was calibrated, and the micro-milling temperature test platform was set up to test the micro-milling temperature of single crystal nickel-based superalloy DD98. The results show that the micro-milling temperature region of single crystal materials can be divided into three temperature distribution regions including the first shear heat source temperature distribution region, and the second and the third friction heat source temperature distribution region, the simulated maximum temperature is 284 ℃ and the lowest temperature is 148 ℃; the micro-milling temperature increases with the increase of spindle speed, feed speed and milling depth; the measured maximum temperature does not exceed 200 ℃, which is very close to the temperature of the corresponding position in finite element simulation; the micro-milling temperature distribution mechanism is explained, which provides reference for controlling the cutting surface quality and tool wear of parts.