By using Hashin failure criterion and nonlinear stiffness degradation method, and by introducing Cohesive interface element, the Cohesive damage models were developed by using subroutine UMAT of ABAQUS finite element analysis software. A solid model combining solid element with Cohesive interface element was established to study the buckling and post buckling performance of a fiber reinforced composite drive shaft. The model was used to verify the test results of the project, the finite element analysis was carried out on the carbon fiber composite shaft in a literature, and the results were compared with the test data to verify the reliability of the finite element model. The results show that the established progressive damage model has a high calculation accuracy for the failure strength of laminates under tensile loading; the buckling and post buckling analysis of the model under this compression load has a good agreement with the test results; the proposed progressive damage model was used to analyze the torsional buckling and post buckling failure of the carbon fiber composite transmission shaft, and the results were in good agreement with the experimental results.