A dynamic model of a single-disk rotor system considering the coupling of rub-impact force and oil film force was established, and the non-dimensional differential equation of the system was derived. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration method was used for numerical calculation, and the bifurcation diagram, axis trajectory diagram, Poincaré mapping diagram, maximum friction force distribution diagram, time history diagram and frequency spectrum diagram of the rotor system were obtained.The relationship between the system parameters and dynamic characteristics was studied, and the number of friction impacts of the rotor system was identified. The research results show that the system produces complex dynamics under the action of oil film vortex, turntable and stator friction and oil film oscillation; the increase of turntable damping can improve the stability of the system, reduce the friction between turntable and stator, and make the best operating area of the system appears.