Large equipment are not suitable for direct field experiments with the problem such as it is expensive, influential and tight production task. Therefore, a large hydraulic equipment hydraulic test bench was designed. The hydraulic system function, main parameters, composition and working principle were introduced, the typical components were calculated and selected, the appropriate hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder and motor were choosed, the designs of the control system and monitoring system were completed,so the performance analysis and test of the hydraulic system of large hydraulic equipment on the test bench could be realized. The results show that by using the designed large equipment hydraulic test bench, the loading characteristics of large equipment hydraulic system in the industrial field can be truly simulated and reproduced, which is of great significance for the rapid troubleshooting and the improve the performance of the equipment.