According to the actual automatic operation requirements of the sugarcane wide and narrow row planter, the hydraulic system of the planter was designed, and the system simulation model was established based on AMESim to study the hydraulic characteristics of the planter’ s hydraulic system and the output characteristics of the seeding mechanism. In the AMESim model of the proportional speed control valve, the output characteristics consistent with the product sample were obtained by adjusting the initial force, initial displacement and stiffness of the pressure reducing valve spring, and the orifice of the feedback cavity, so as to provide reasonable simulation parameters for the proportional control loop, and other simulation parameters of the system were obtained by theoretical calculations. The simulation and test results show that: under normal operating conditions of the planting machine, the proportional speed control valve has a better effect of stabilizing the speed; under the conditions of the pump outlet pressure of 10 MPa and the pump outlet flow rate of 20 L/min, the actuators working can be coordinated;the maximum error of the rotation speed of the seed metering mechanism is 5.5%, and the planting machine has a better seeding distance uniformity under different walking speeds, which provides reference for the research of sugarcane planting machines.