In order to study the influence mechanism of the swing grinding process on the surface quality, the changes of the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the camshaft, and the feed rate and acceleration of the grinding wheel were analyzed based on the constant linear velocity grinding process; the contact length and maximum undeformed debris thickness of swing grinding and conventional grinding were compared and analyzed. The results show that under different cam base circle speeds, the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the camshaft rotation, and the feed rate and acceleration of the grinding wheel increase linearly; swing grinding can improve the quality of the ground surface, and the effect is affected by the grinding parameters; the grinding depth has a weakening effect on the quality of the ground surface; the appropriate increase of grinding wheel diameter, grinding wheel speed, cam speed, swing amplitude, and swing frequency can improve the quality of the ground surface.