In the process of aircraft assembly, the state change of large tooling is mainly affected by temperature and load. The light transmission characteristics of optical fiber sensor was analyzed, an integrated optical fiber sensor with the function of temperature and strain collection was designed, and a method of tooling state monitoring based on integrated optical fiber sensor was put forward. The mathematical models between temperature, strain and the position change of tooling positioner were established by PSO-BP algorithm, so as to realize the monitoring of the position change of tooling positioner. By analyzing the collected data of optical fiber strain sensor separately, a strain parameter calibration method was proposed. After calibration, the three-dimensional load monitoring of tooling positioner was realized by detecting the strain.A test platform was built on a certain type of tooling, the detection accuracy of the calibration sensor is less than ±2 N, which meets the use requirements, and the feasibility of the method was verified.