To improve the ability of the machine tool to resist regenerative chatter, the energy balance principle, orthogonal test method and response surface method were combined to realize a method to improve resisting regenerative flutter ability of machine tool based on energy balance principle. In this method, the weak modes and weak substructures of the machine tool were calculated by using modal flexibility and energy balance principle, and the mass and stiffness needed to be optimized were found, the stiffness and mass of the machine tool were optimized by orthogonal test method and response surface method to realize the optimal stiffness and mass configuration scheme. Taking the crankshaft grinder of a machine factory as an example, the stiffness and mass of the weak substructure were adjusted by using the energy balance principle.The results show that after optimization, the modal flexibility of the weak mode of the machine tool is decreased, the modal flexibility distribution of each mode is more uniform, and the static flexibility is decreased by 28.23%. The natural frequency of each order of the machine tool is also improved to varying degrees, and the overall dynamic characteristics of the machine tool are greatly improved.