A comparative test was conducted on the grinding residual stress of 8Cr4Mo4V steel aviation bearing raceway at home and abroad.According to the characteristics of raceway grinding process of aviation bearing inner ring, a finite element analysis model of grinding residual stress of bearing inner ring raceway was established based on ABAQUS and numerical calculation was carried out.The residual stress of inner ring raceway was tested, analyzed and verified experimentally, then the grinding process of bearing inner ring raceway was optimized.The results show that the residual stress in raceway of bearing can be effectively increased by increasing shot peening process, increasing feed speed appropriately and replacing graphite wheel with white corundum wheel with 220 grain size in final grinding.