For some problems of vibration, noise and radial comprehensive deviation which are difficult to quickly detect in the process of cylindrical gear transmission, it applied classic gear measurement principle of doubleflank to design a integrated roll tester of rapid detection for cylindrical gear manufacturing precision error which adapted to the production site. 100 cylindrical gears with the same specifications were done the related experiments by the above analysis. And the graph about vibration noise and transmission error in the transmission process was output by Matlab. Finally, the tooth surface manufacturing errors and defects were detected accurately and it achieves the gear fast sorting operation, this paper provided an effective measurement method of assessing the pros and cons about the quality of gear in the factory quickly.