In view of many working parts and high failure rate in the operation process of combine harvester, the working performance monitoring of the cutting table, screw conveyor, threshing drum and other hydraulic parts of the harvester for harvesting and separating was studied. Based on the working process of the combine harvester, the working principle of the harvesting and separating hydraulic system of the combine harvester was explained. The monitoring scheme, control panel and controller architecture of the harvesting and separating hydraulic system were designed. The control scheme of the hydraulic system for harvesting and separating was studied, the monitoring interface was designed based on LabVIEW software, and the feasibility of the performance monitoring system was verified through field test. The results show that the designed performance monitoring system can run normally in the field operation of the combine harvester with high reliability and meets the field use requirements.