The electronic components are small in size, so their sorting is more difficult than regular sorting, and the workload is heavy, the application of robot sorting can greatly improve the work efficiency. Interpolation method of seventh degree polynomial curve was used for trajectory planning to make the angular velocity, angular acceleration and angular jerk curves of the motion joints smooth and continuous; an improved quantum genetic algorithm was proposed, in which the normal distribution probability density function was introduced to improve the quantum gate rotation angle step strategy and to optimize the joint motion trajectory in the shortest time, so the robot could obtain the optimal joint trajectory curve on the basis of meeting the nonlinear constraints. The simulation results show that the trajectory algorithm can shorten the movement time of the robotic arm joints quickly and efficiently.