In view of the characteristics that the machine tool need to be stable and less vibration in the process of operation,taking the gearbox of a certain type of machine tool as the research object,the causes of gearbox vibration and theoretical vibration reduction methods were analyzed.The simulation model of gearbox transmission was established by using MASTA software,the gear coupling modal analysis and order tracking analysis were carried out to obtain the change curves of resonance parameters,dynamic meshing force,meshing flexibility phase and size in the concerned frequency,and the harmonic meshing order and response peak frequency of the transmission were determined.Through the clearance control analysis,the influence of clearance on the vibration characteristics of gearbox transmission was obtained,and the contribution of different bearings to the response peak and the variation of the corresponding response peak of each harmonic order under different clearance were obtained.The results show that the optimized response peak is significantly reduced,the gear transmission error is reduced,and the vibration characteristics of the gearbox transmission is improved.