In order to develop a bidirectional hydraulic lock suitable for pure water medium,aiming at the cavitation damage caused by pure water medium,three structural improvement schemes were designed from the perspective of flow field control,and CFD technology was used to simulate the cavitation phenomenon of each valve channel under different valve opening conditions,so as to obtain the performance level of various valve channels in suppressing cavitation.In order to ensure the reliability of the study,a bidirectional hydraulic lock experimental platform for pure water medium was built for experimental verification.The research results show that the optimization design of valve port structure has obvious effect on suppressing cavitation.Among them,the improvement scheme 1 has the best cavitation prevention ability among the four valve channel structures.The cavitation prevention level is about 50% higher than that of the traditional valve channel structure,which greatly suppresses the cavitation phenomenon and reduces the cavitation damage of the bidirectional hydraulic lock.