In order to study the influence of the vehicle diesel engine on the wear of the engine cylinder liner piston under the conditions of different sand and dust concentration, speed and ambient temperature in the sandstorm environment of southern Xinjiang, a test bench for the cylinder liner piston wear of the vehicle diesel engine was designed. The test bench was mainly composed of sand conveying device, drive transmission device, wear measurement and testing system, etc. By the sand conveying device, the requirements of changes in parameters such as sand concentration and speed could be simulated; the designed measurement and control system could be used to complete collection and visualization of the working pressure, ambient temperature, dust flow, rotational speed and other sensing information. In the test bench, the diesel engine commonly used in agricultural machinery was adopted as the research object, which was suitable for the test equipment in the research and development of wear-resistant materials for cylinder liner piston in laboratory. This tester is easy to manipulate and expandable, and can be used to study the law of wind and sand environment on the wear of internal combustion engine in southern Xinjiang, the clogging mechanism of air filter, and the analysis of intake resistance.