Aiming to the performance identification of machine tool and its key components, with series TH machining center as analyzing object, using LMS vibration analysis platform, performance identification of machine tools was identified through the modal experiment of spindle system and machine. The three main vibration modes and two main vibration causes were found. Using thermal imagers and thermal properties analyzer, Thermal Characteristics of machine tools was identified through temperature field and thermal deformation experiments of column system. The temperature distribution and thermal displacement in the three coordinate directions were obtained. The influence of main heat sources, heat sinks and heat flow path on machine tools precision. The weakness of machine tools were found, and supporting the measures of structural optimization and error compensation to improve the stability of the machine precision.