To investigate the effects of cutting parameters on cutting forces and cutting vibrations in turning, the range of the value of the cutting parameters was set as semifinishing, and the experiments in which the 45# round steel was machined by the carbide turning tool were conducted using the orthogonal experimental design on a CNC lathe without cooling liquid，while the signals of the cutting forces and cutting vibrations in three directions were acquired through the Kistler system and the VibPilot M+P system． The statistical methods of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the calculation of the per cent contributions and the correlation analysis were applied to determinate the degree to which cutting parameters affect the cutting forces and the cutting vibrations． The results show that the depth of cut affects the main cutting force and the axial thrust force most; the most important factor of the radial thrust and the cutting vibrations is the feed rate; the cutting speed has the least significant effect on the cutting forces and the cutting vibrations．The errors of the cutting forces signals are less than the cutting vibrations． The analysis conclusions provides reference for choosing the right cutting parameters and the signal which is used to monitor the machining condition．