For a pneumatic balancer cylinder of wall thickness optimization design problems, an optimization design method of cylinder wall thickness was presented based on the ANSYS. It was realized of the quality in the given conditions of stiffness and strength which satisfied optimization design goals, and verified of finite element simulation results with field experiments and real data. The optimization method improves the efficiency of design calculation of a pneumatic balancer cylinder of wall thickness, and reduces the processing cost, which provides reference to explore a new method for the optimization design of cylinder wall thickness.