The preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds based on piston extrusion deposition method can achieve a variety of materials, speed controllable, high-precision preparation process. The materials used are hydroxyapatite (HA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and suitable amount of silk fibroin (SF) joined. Certain concentrations of PVA material were prepared according to HA∶SF ratio of 4∶1 to join silk fibroin, so as to improve bone scaffold biocompatibility. The influence of a serious of process parameters such as the relationship among the velocity of the piston, the extrusion speed of the nozzle and the velocity of the moving platform, the height of the moving platform, and the ratio of HA, PVA and SF on the forming quality of bone scaffolds was analyzed. Through the experimental verification, the problems of forming materials piled up, spiraling, drawing and breaking of the molding material during the forming process are solved. Through the reasonable proportioning, the surface crack and the material collapse phenomenon of the wire material will not appear during the forming process.