The shape and position accuracy of mechanical parts has an extremely important impact on their interchangeability and functional quality,among which,the cylindricity error is an important index to evaluate the accuracy of rotary parts.An improved whale optimization algorithm based on hybrid strategy (HWOA) was designed to improve the accuracy and convergence speed of cylindricity error in the evaluation process.The Tent chaotic map and nonlinear parameters were introduced into the initial population generation to improve the quality of the solution.Then,in order to improve the local search ability of the algorithm,an adaptive weight coefficient was introduced in the spiral position updating stage.Finally,Lévy flight was introduced in the random search phase to improve the global search ability.Through the experiments and comparative analysis of results using different optimization algorithms,the proposed algorithm has improved the accuracy and speed of cylindricity error evaluation.